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SUMMARY

Rating	Alert	Impact	Invasiveness	Distribution	Doc.
Moderate	N	B	B	A	2.61
Comments:
Rating 1 = High 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited 4 = Evaluated, not listed		Alert Y = Yes N = No	Scores A = Severe B = Moderate C = Limited D = None U = Unknown	Documentation 4 = Reviewed scientific publications 3 = Other published material 2 = Observational 1 = Anecdotal 0 = No information

Scores

1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.7	3.1	3.2
U	U	B	D	A	A	U	A	B	A	U	A	A

IMPACT

1.1 Impact on abiotic ecosystem processes - U

Identify ecosystem processes impacted:

Sources of information:

Documentation: No Information

1.2 Impact on plant community composition, structure, and interactions - U

Identify type of impact or alteration: Creates a monotypic stand displacing native vegetation.

Sources of information: Morgan, EC. 2004. Wildland Weeds: Paper Mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera. Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication # ENY-702.
Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp.
National Park Service & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas.

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

1.3 Impact on higher trophic levels - B

Identify type of impact or alteration: Reduces native diversity that birds and wildlife depend on.

Sources of information: Morgan, EC. 2004. Wildland Weeds: Paper Mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera. Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication # ENY-702.

Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp.

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

1.4 Impact on genetic integrity - D

Identify impacts: No native species of Broussonetia

Sources of information: Waitt, D. 2011. Native Plant Information Network. Accessed 8 July 2011: http://wildflower.org/plants/

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

IMPACT: U U B D = B

INVASIVENESS

2.1 Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance in establishment - A

Describe role of disturbance: Readily invades disturbed areas, but can invade undisturbed areas.

Sources of information: Morgan, EC. 2004. Wildland Weeds: Paper Mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera. Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication # ENY-702.

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

2.2 Local rate of spread with no management - A

Describe rate of spread: Will quickly invade an area without management.

Sources of information: National Park Service & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas.

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

2.3 Recent trend in total area infested within state - U

Describe trend: Paper Mulberry is not well documented throughout the state.

Sources of information: Observation: T. Gallo

Documentation: Observational

2.4 Innate reproductive potential - A

Describe key reproductive characteristics: Refer to Worksheet A

Sources of information: Morgan, EC. 2004. Wildland Weeds: Paper Mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera. Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication # ENY-702.

Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp.

National Park Service & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas.

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

2.5 Potential for human-caused dispersal - B

Identify dispersal mechanisms: Paper Mulberry is usually discouraged by municipalities do to its quick and weedy growth under power lines, but is still planted as an ornamental and hedge row.

Sources of information: Swearingen, JM. 2009. Paper Mulberry. National Park Service, National Capital Region, Center for Urban Ecology, Washington, DC

Observation: T. Gallo

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

2.6 Potential for natural long-distance dispersal - A

Identify dispersal mechanisms: Birds and animals eat berries and readily spread seeds.

Sources of information: Morgan, EC. 2004. Wildland Weeds: Paper Mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera. Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication # ENY-702.
Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp.

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

2.7 Other regions invaded - U

Identify other regions: Paper Mulberry is not well documented throughout the state.

Sources of information: Observation: T. Gallo

Documentation: Observational

INVASIVENESS: A A U A B A U = B

DISTRIBUTION

3.1 Ecological amplitude - A

Describe ecological amplitude, identifying date of source information and approximate date of introduction to the state, if known: Refer to Worksheet B.

Sources of information: Invaders of Texas Citizen Science Observations (Accessed 11 July 2011: http://texasinvasives.org/observations/search.php?satellite=&sn=BRPA4&cn=

USDA PLANTS Database (Accessed 11 July 2011: http://plants.usda.gov/java/county?state_name=Texas&statefips=48&symbol=BRPA4)

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

3.2 Distribution/Peak frequency - A

Identify type of impact or alteration: Refer to Worksheet B.

Sources of information: Invaders of Texas Citizen Science Observations (Accessed 11 July 2011: http://texasinvasives.org/observations/search.php?satellite=&sn=BRPA4&cn=

USDA PLANTS Database (Accessed 11 July 2011: http://plants.usda.gov/java/county?state_name=Texas&statefips=48&symbol=BRPA4)

Documentation: Other Pub. Mat'l

IMPACT: A A = A

TEXAS ECOREGIONS

Source: Level III and IV Ecoregions of Texas. Griffith, G.E., Bryce, S.A., Omernik, J.M., Comstock, J.A., Rogers, A.C., Harrison, B., Hatch, S.L., and Bezanson, D., 2004, Ecoregions of Texas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR.

Score: A. means >50% of type occurrences are invaded; B means >20% to 50%; C. means >5% to 20%; D. means present but ≤5%; U. means unknown.

Code	Level III	Level IV	Score
ER01	Arizona/New Mexico Mountains	Chihuahuan Desert Slopes	U
		Montane Woodlands
ER02	Chihuahuan Deserts	Chihuahuan Basins and Playas
		Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands
		Low Mountains and Bajadas
		Chihuahuan Montane Woodlands
		Stockton Plateau
ER03	High Plains	Rolling Sand Plains
		Canadian/Cimarron High Plains
		Llano Estacado
		Shinnery Sands
		Arid Llano Estacado
ER04	Southwestern Tablelands	Canadian/Cimarron Breaks
		Flat Tablelands and Valleys
		Caprock Canyons, Badlands, and Breaks
		Semiarid Canadian Breaks
ER05	Central Great Plains	Red Prairie
		Broken Red Plains
		Limestone Plains
ER06	Cross Timbers	Eastern Crosstimbers
		Western Crosstimbers	A
		Grand Prairie	A
		Limestone Cut Plain
		Carbonate Cross Timbers
ER07	Edwards Plateau	Edwards Plateau Woodland
		Llano Uplift
		Balcones Canyonlands	A
		Semiarid Edwards Plateau
ER08	Southern Texas Plains	Northern Nueces Alluvial Plains
		Semiarid Edwards Bajadas
		Texas-Tamaulipan Thornscrub
		Rio Grande Floodplain and Terraces
ER09	Texas Blackland Prairies	Northern Blackland Prairies	A
		Southern Blackland/Fayette Prairie
		Floodplains and Low Terraces	C
ER10	East Central Texas Plains	Northern Post Oak Savanna
		Southern Post Oak Savanna
		San Antonio Prairie
		Northern Prairie Outliers
		Bastrop Lost Pines
		Floodplains and Low Terraces
ER11	Western Gulf Coastal Plain	Northern Humid Gulf Coastal Prairies	A
		Southern Subhumid Gulf Coastal Prairies
		Floodplains and Low Terraces	C
		Coastal Sand Plain
		Lower Rio Grande Valley
		Lower Rio Grande Alluvial Floodplain
		Texas-Louisiana Coastal Marshes
		Mid-Coast Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes
		Laguna Madre Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes
ER12	South Central Plains	Tertiary Uplands
		Floodplains and Low Terraces
		Pleistocene Fluvial Terraces
		Southern Tertiary Uplands
		Flatwoods
		Red River Bottomland

EVALUATORS

Evaluation Date: 2011-07-08

Evaluator 1
Travis Gallo, Ecologist
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
512-232-0116
tgallo@wildflower.org
4801 La Crosse Ave., Austin, TX 78739

Evaluator 2

REVIEW

Reviewers:
Review Date: 0000-00-00
Comments:

REFERENCES

Originally assessed for the City of Austin Invasive Management Plan